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Space
2023-04-20 17:25:50

Radiation from a young Jupiter dried out its satellites

Излучение молодого Юпитера высушило его спутники

The nearest satellite to Jupiter, Io, contains as little water as hardly any other large body in the solar system. Astronomers attribute this to the high activity of the young planet, whose radiation has evaporated all the water from Io and most of it from neighboring Europa.

Giant Jupiter is surrounded by nearly a hundred moons, including the four largest -- Io, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. If you look at them one by one, you'll notice that the farther a satellite is from the planet, the lower its density and the more water and ice it contains. The closest to Jupiter Io is considered to be almost the "driest" of the large bodies in the solar system.

All this can be attributed to the high activity that Jupiter showed in the first time of its existence. Its powerful radiation exceeded the current level by orders of magnitude and literally dried out the satellites one by one. This is the conclusion reached by Carver Bierson and his colleagues at Arizona State University. Their talk was given at the recent 54th Scientific Conference on the Moon and Planets.

When Jupiter formed, large satellites formed from the remnants of matter in its orbit. At the time, they contained a fair amount of water, but that wasn't the end of it. The young gas giant radiated ten thousand times more active than it does today.

Bjerson et al. modeled the effects of this radiation on the Jupiterian moons. As the authors noted, the model relied on the current position of the four satellites, although it is believed that in that distant past they orbited closer to the planet than they do now, and could receive even more radiation.

But even with this assumption, the calculations showed that Io's temperature could have exceeded 27 degrees Celsius under such conditions. More than enough to melt all the ice on the surface and create an atmosphere full of water vapor.

With its rather modest size, Io is incapable of holding its envelope of volatile gases even today, when the particle flux from Jupiter that undermines it has weakened markedly. As a result, all of the vapor quickly escaped and most likely fell to a neighboring planet, as it does today with volcanic gases, which are exceptionally active on Io.

Apparently, similar processes took place on the other "Galilean" moons of Jupiter, although on a smaller scale. As a result, some of the water from Europa evaporated, but some amount remained in the subsurface ocean, protected by a thick crust of ice. Ganymede and Callisto retained even more water and still consist of almost half of it.



космос
ио
юпитер




Encyclopaedic reference
Юпитер - пятая планета от Солнца, крупнейшая в Солнечной системе
Космос - относительно пустые участки Вселенной, которые лежат вне границ атмосфер небесных тел.

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