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Science and Technology
2023-05-22 09:15:47

Scientists have created a regenerating skin substitute from mycelium mushrooms

Ученые создали регенерирующий заменитель кожи из мицелия гриба

Researchers from the UK have developed a new way to create a living material that looks like skin, using mycelium of the trout fungus. A unique manufacturing technology allowed this leather substitute to restore micro- and macro defects in its structure on its own. The properties of the new material will allow it to be used for creating furniture, elements of car interior, clothes, footwear and other products containing leather or its substitutes.

Mycelium is a vegetative body of a mushroom - a complex thread-like structure capable of taking the most diverse shape. Previous research has shown that mushroom colonies can form intertwining networks of branching mycelium, forming large tangled structures, which can be used to create so-called mycelial materials. The mycelial structures are then processed in a special way to produce a material known as mushroom skin or mycelial skin because of its external resemblance to bovine skin.

However, this treatment, which usually involves heating, drying, and treatment with chemicals, severely damages the mycelium itself, killing it and even the chlamydospores, the vegetative reproductive organs of fungi that look like small nodules on the filaments of the mycelium. In nature, chlamydospores are used by fungi to survive adverse conditions and then return to normal life by growing mycelium from these spores. It is therefore of legitimate interest to attempt to create living material, that is, to modify the process of mushroom skin creation to prevent the destruction of chlamydospores, which could allow the material to regenerate itself when placed in a favorable environment.

Biotechnologists from the Universities of Newcastle and Northumbria (UK) have described their own methodology for creating living materials from mycelium capable of self-regeneration. For research, the team of authors chose the trout fungus Ganoderma lucidum, widely used in traditional Chinese medicine.

After 15 days of growing mycelium on nutrient medium, a thick film was formed on the surface of the liquid, which was then dried and treated with glycerol. The latter is often used as a plasticizer that reduces the brittleness of biofilms and mycelium materials. Throughout the process, the authors of the study specifically selected the conditions and ensured that the number of viable chlamydospores in the resulting material did not decrease.

To test the possibility of regeneration of living mushroom material, the researchers made round holes in it in five and ten millimeters in diameter, and cut a piece of material in half. The damaged specimens were then placed in the same nutrient medium on which they were created. The next day, all types of lesions were regenerated, with the regenerated parts differing from the rest of the sample only in color. 

The authors of the work then compared the appearance, mechanical and water-repellent properties of their living materials with other types of mycelial skin. The original samples of the material and the damaged and then regenerated samples did not differ significantly from each other or from the developments of other scientific groups. The scientists propose to use their development to create goods containing leather or its substitutes, such as furniture, car interior components, clothing and shoes.



наука
технологии
кожа
грибы




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