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Реакция читателя

Science and Technology
2022-11-09 11:31:03

Scientists have obtained a new exotic state of matter and light for the first time

Ученые впервые получили новое экзотическое состояние материи и света

A team of Austrian scientists from the Vienna University of Technology, the Vienna Centre for Quantum Science and Technology and Innsbruck University have succeeded in producing a completely new and very exotic state of matter for the first time in the history of science. Using a beam of laser light, they polarised neutral atoms, which became positively charged on one side and negatively charged on the other. Like tiny magnets, the atoms then began to attract one another, forming a kind of molecule. The forces of attraction in this case are much weaker than those holding the atoms together in ordinary molecules, but they, these forces, are quite measurable. Thus, what the scientists obtained could be described as a "molecule" composed of light and matter.

We remind our readers that an electrically neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a cloud of spinning electrons that have a negative charge. "If you expose the atom to an external electric field, the distribution of charge in it will change slightly," the scientists write, "The positive charge will shift to one side and the negative charge to the other. The atom will have different poles and will become a polarised particle."

Light is known to be a high-frequency electromagnetic field, and it is also capable of causing atoms to become polarised. When several atoms are exposed to the same beam of laser light, they are polarised in exactly the same direction, but later they turn towards each other with opposite poles and mutual attraction forces arise between them.

During the experiments, scientists trapped the atoms in a magnetic trap, created with a special chip, and cooled them to a temperature of about one-millionth of a degree above the point of absolute zero. The magnetic field was then switched off and the cloud of super-cooled atoms began a process of free-fall, during which they were illuminated by a beam of laser light. As described above, the light caused the atoms to become polarized and began to be attracted to each other. As a result, the cloud of incident polarised atoms expanded much less than it would have if ordinary unpolarised atoms were falling. And the difference in the size of the cloud allowed scientists to calculate the magnitude of the attractive forces created between the polarised atoms.

In the future, such attractive forces may be used as a tool to control atoms in various experiments in quantum physics. Moreover, scientists suspect that this phenomenon plays a significant role in some astrophysical processes that cannot yet be understood or explained. "In the vast expanse of space, even the weakest forces can play a significant role," the researchers write, "Given that the universe is pervaded by flows of light and other types of radiation, in some places this would be enough to polarise atoms and create mutual attraction forces, which may be the hidden driving force behind some processes that we do not yet understand."



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